Tuesday, March 23, 2010

Dance, definitions and history from Wikipeida

Definitions and history
The term "ballroom dancing" is derived from the word ball, which in turn originates from the Latin word ballare which means "to dance". In times past, ballroom dancing was social dancing for the privileged, leaving folk dancing for the lower classes. These boundaries have since become blurred, and it should be noted even in times long gone, many ballroom dances were really elevated folk dances. The definition of ballroom dance also depends on the era: Balls have featured Minuet, Quadrille, Polonaise, Pas de Gras, Mazurka, and other popular dances of the day, which are now considered to be historical dances.

[edit] Renaissance Period
The first authoritative knowledge of the earliest ballroom dances were recorded toward the end of the sixteenth century, when Jehan Tabourot, under the pen name "Thoinot-Arbeau", published in 1588 his Orchésographie, a study of late sixteenth-century French Renaissance social dance. Among the dances described were the solemn basse danse, the livelier branle, pavane, and the galliarde which Shakespeare called the "cinq pace" as it was made of five steps.[3]


Galliard in Siena, Italy, 15th centuryIn 1650 the Minuet, originally a peasant dance of Poitou, was introduced into Paris and set to music by Jean-Baptiste Lully and danced by the King Louis XIV in public, and would continue to dominate ballroom from that time until the close of the eighteenth century.

Toward the latter half of the seventeenth century, Louis XIV founded his 'Académie Royale de Musique et de Danse', where specific rules for the execution of every dance and the "five positions" of the feet were formulated for the first time by members of the Académie. Eventually, the first definite cleavage between ballet and ballroom came when professional dancers appeared in the ballets, and the ballets left the Court and went to the stage. Ballet technique such as the turned out positions of the feet, however, lingered for over two centuries and past the end of the Victoria era.[3]

[edit] Victorian Era

An RKO publicity still of Astaire and Rogers dancing to "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" in Roberta (1935)The waltz with its modern hold took root in England about 1812, when Carl Maria von Weber wrote Invitation à la valse which marked the adoption of the Waltz form into the sphere of absolute music. The dance was initially met with tremendous opposition due to the semblance of impropriety associated with the closed hold, though the stance gradually softened.[3] In the 1840s several new dances made their appearance in the ballroom, including the Polka, Mazurka, and the Schottische, in the meantime a strong tendency emerged to drop all 'decorative' steps such as entrechats and ronds de jambes that had found a place in the Quadrilles and other dances.

[edit] Early 20th century
Modern ballroom dances has its roots early in the 20th century, when several different things happened more or less at the same time. The first was a movement away from the sequence dances towards dances where the couples moved independently. This had been pre-figured by the waltz, which had already made this transition. The second was a wave of popular music, such as jazz, much of which was based on the ideas of black musicians in the USA. Since dance is to a large extent tied to music, this led to a burst of newly invented dances. There were many dances crazes in the period 1910–1930.


Vernon and Irene Castle, early ballroom dance pioneers, c. 1910-1918.The third event was a concerted effort to transform some of the dance crazes into dances which could be taught to a wider dance public in the USA and Europe. Here Vernon and Irene Castle were important, and so was a generation of English dancers in the 1920s, such as Josephine Bradley and Victor Silvester. These professionals analysed, codified, published and taught a number of standard dances. It was essential, if popular dance was to flourish, for dancers to have some basic movements they could confidently perform with any partner they might meet. Here the huge Arthur Murray organisation in America, and the dance societies in England, such as the Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing, were highly influential. Finally, much of this happened during and after a period of World War, and the effect of such a conflict in dissolving older social customs was considerable.[4][5]

Later, in the 1930s, the on-screen dance pairing of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers influenced all forms of dance in the USA and elsewhere. Although both actors had separate careers, their filmed dance sequences together, which included portrayals of the Castles, have reached iconic status.[6] Much of Astaire and Rogers' work portrayed social dancing, although the performances were highly choreographed (often by Astaire or Hermes Pan), and meticulously staged and rehearsed.[7]

[edit] Competitive dancing

Young couple dancing cha-cha-cha at a junior Latin dance competition in the Czech Republic.Competitions, sometimes referred to as DanceSport, range from world championships, regulated by the World Dance Council (WDC), to less advanced dancers at various proficiency levels. Most competitions are divided into professional and amateur, though in the USA pro-am competitions occur. The International Olympic Committee now recognizes competitive ballroom dance.[8] It has recognized another body, the International DanceSport Federation (IDSF), as the sole representative body for dancesport in the Olympic Games. However, it seems doubtful that dance will be included in the Olympic Games, especially in light of efforts to reduce the number of participating sports.

Ballroom dance competitions are regulated by each country in its own way. There are about 30 countries which compete regularly in international competitions. There are another 20 or so countries which have membership of the WDC and/or the IDSF, but whose dancers rarely appear in international competitions.[9] In Britain there is the British Dance Council; in the United States, amateur dance proficiency levels are defined by USA Dance (formerly United States Amateur Ballroom Dance Association, USABDA).

Ballroom dancing competitions in the former USSR also included the Soviet Ballroom dances, or Soviet Programme. Australian New Vogue is danced both competitively and socially. In competition there are 15 recognised New Vogue dances, which are performed by the competitors in sequence. These dance forms are not recognised internationally, neither are the US variations such as American Smooth, and Rhythm. Such variations in dance and competition methods are attempts to meets perceived needs in the local market-place.

Internationally, the Blackpool Dance Festival, hosted annually at Blackpool, England, is considered the most prestigious event a dancesport competitor can attend.

Formation dance is another style of competitive dance recognised by the IDSF.

[edit] Elements of competition

Intermediate level international style Latin dancing at the 2006 MIT ballroom dance competition. A judge stands in the foreground.In competition ballroom, dancers are judged by diverse criteria such as poise, the hold or frame, posture, musicality and expression, timing, body alignment and shape, floor craft, foot and leg action, and presentation.[10] Judging in a performance-oriented sport is inevitably subjective in nature, and controversy and complaints by competitors over judging placements are not uncommon. The scorekeepers—called scrutineers—will tally the total number recalls accumulated by each couple through each round until the finals, when the Skating system is used to place each couple by ordinals, typically 1-6, though the number of couples in the final may vary.

[edit] Medal tests
Medal examinations for amateurs enable dancers' individual abilities to be recognized according to conventional standards. In medal exams, which are run by bodies such as the Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing (ISTD), each dancer performs two or more dances in a certain genre in front of a judge. Genres such as Modern Ballroom or Latin are the most popular. Societies such as the ISTD also offer medal tests on other dance styles (such as Country & Western, Rock 'n Roll or Tap). In some North American examinations, levels include Newcomer, Bronze, Silver, Gold and Championship; each level may be further subdivided into either two or four separate sections.

[edit] Dances

Victor Fung and Anna Mikhed dancing a tango in 2006. The couple, dancing for the USA, came third in the Professional World Championship 2009.In one common usage "ballroom dance" refers to the ten dances of International Standard and International Latin, though the term is also often used interchangeably with the five International Standard dances [11] In the United States and Canada, the American Style (American Smooth and American Rhythm) also exists. The dance technique used for both International and American styles is similar, but International Standard allows only closed dance positions, whereas American Smooth allows closed, open and separated dance movements. In addition, different sets of dance patterns are usually taught for the two styles. International Latin and American Rhythm have different styling, and have different dance patterns in their respective syllabi.

Others dances sometimes placed under the umbrella "ballroom dance" include Nightclub Dances such as Lindy Hop, West Coast Swing, Nightclub Two Step, Hustle, Salsa, and Merengue. The categorization of dances as "ballroom dances" has always been fluid, with new dances or folk dances being added to/removed from to the ballroom repertoire from time to time, so no list of subcategories or dances is any more than a description of current practices. There are other dances historically accepted as ballroom dances, and are revived via the Vintage dance movement.

In Europe, Latin Swing dances include Argentine Tango, Mambo, Lindy Hop, Swing Boogie (sometimes also known as Nostalgic Boogie), and Disco Fox. One example of this is the subcategory of Cajun dances that originated in New Orleans, with branches reaching both coasts of the United States.

Standard/Smooth dances are normally danced to Western music (often from the mid-twentieth century), and couples dance counter-clockwise around a rectangular floor following the line of dance. In competitions, competitors are costumed as would be appropriate for a white tie affair, with full gowns for the ladies and bow tie and tail coats for the men; though in American Smooth it is now conventional for the men to abandon the tailsuit in favor of shorter tuxedos, vests, and other creative outfits.

Latin/Rhythm dances are commonly danced to contemporary Latin American music, and with the exception of a few traveling dances (e.g. Samba and Paso Doble) couples do not follow the line of dance and perform their routines more or less in one spot. In competitions, the women are often dressed in short-skirted latin outfits while the men outfitted in tight-fitting shirts and pants; the goal being to bring emphasis to the dancers' leg action and body movements.




Ballroom Dance Classifications
WDC-defined Competition Dances
International Standard Dance Music (IDSF Tempo Regulation) [12] Notes
Waltz 28-30 bars per minute, 3/4 timing also known as Slow Waltz or English Waltz depending on locality
Tango 31-33 bars per minute, 4/4 timing
Viennese 58-60 bars per minute, 3/4 timing In some countries (e.g. Germany, Austria) Viennese is known as the Waltz, while Waltz is recognized as Slow Waltz. Note this dance is not danced at Blackpool.
Foxtrot 28-30 bars per minute, 4/4 timing
Quickstep 50-52 bars per minute, 4/4 timing
International Latin
Samba 50-52 bars per minute, 2/4 timing (foot timing 3/4)
ChaChaCha 30-32 bars per minute, 4/4 timing
Rumba 25-27 bars per minute, 4/4 timing
Paso Doble 60-62 bars per minute, 2/4 timing
Jive 42-44 bars per minute, 4/4 timing
Formation
Show Dance
Classic
South American
American Style Competition Dances (only in the U.S. & Canada)
American Smooth Dance Music (NDCA Tempo Regulation) Notes
Waltz 28-30 bars per minute
Tango 30-32 bars per minute
Foxtrot 30-32 bars per minute
Viennese Waltz 54-56 bars per minute
American Rhythm
Cha Cha 28-30 bars per minute
Rumba 32 bars per minute
East Coast Swing 34-38 bars per minute
Bolero 24-26 bars per minute
Mambo 47 bars per minute
Others
Historical/Vintage Dance
Waltz - Polka - Schottische - Tango - One-Step - Foxtrot - Peabody
Other dances occasionally categorized as ballroom
Nightclub
Nightclub Two-step - Hustle - Modern Jive / LeRoc / Ceroc - and the whole swing variety: West Coast Swing / East Coast Swing/ Lindy Hop (always included in the "Rhythm-Swing" category) / Carolina Shag / Collegiate Shag
Latin nightclub
Salsa - Merengue - Cumbia - Bachata - Cha cha
Brazilian Dances
Forró - Pagode - Samba de Gafieira - Lambada
Country/Western
Polka - Cha-cha-cha - Two-step - Waltz...
also referred to as "Country and Western" or C/W:
C/W Polka - C/W Cha-cha - C/W Two-step - C/W Waltz...
Cajun dances
Cajun One Step or Cajun Jig - Cajun Two Step - Zydeco - Cajun Waltz - Cajun Jitterbug
Musette dances
Java, musette-waltz, musette-tango, musette-paso-doble.
Other
Argentine tango, New Vogue

Skippy Blair and Golden State Dance Teachers Association

International Steppers Association

Memorandum for Golden State Dance Teachers Association
Subject: Letter of Thanks

Dear Skippy Blair 23 March 2010

On behalf of the members of the International Steppers Association (ISA) we would like to thank you for your assistance with exploring Steppin during your March intensive. The lessons you shared have already made an impact on the ISA members and fellow Steppers who are hearing about the great course work you have developed. We believe the Universal Unit System ® is a sound business practice that will provide much needed clarification and education to Steppin as a Swing dance form.
We have begun the necessary steps to participate along side of the broader community of dance. With more participation in group intensives, competitions and scholarship we will ensure that dance is advanced to include Steppin alongside the other great legacies of Swing.
We look forward to attending the upcoming August intensive study programs. Mr. Darryl Wilder, Ms. Bonita Williams and Mr. Buford Collins will continue to work with you in developing a superb curriculum for Steppin in the future.
Thanks again Skippy for all that you are doing for the body of dance knowledge.

Yours truly,

Timothy Wilson
President, ISA

Monday, March 22, 2010

21 March 2010 Minutes

International Steppers Association
Minutes dated: 22 March 2010
Time: 7:00 PM EST
The meeting began with opening prayer by Darryl Wilder, VP of Education. The 7 March 2010 meeting minutes were read and approved by majority vote. The meeting hosted 11 callers.

Members present:
1. Timothy D. Wilson, President, Washington DC **
2. Crystal Johnson, Treasurer, Virginia Beach, VA ** (Proxy)
3. Darryl Wilder, VP of Education and Training, Miramar, FL **
4. Bonita Williams, Detroit, MI **
5. Buford Collins, Detroit, MI *
6. Zakeeyaw Toney, Las Vegas **
7. Sharon Mack, Miami, FL (Guest)
8. Denise Lichter, Los Angeles (Guest)
9. Mary Laidler, Atlanta, GA

Members absent:

1. Geno Spears, VP of Public Relations, Dallas TX
2. Andrew Smith, Sergeant of Arms, Fort Lauderdale, FL *
3. Wendy Brewster-Maroun, Secretary, Miami FL

• Current Officers
• Timothy D. Wilson (Organizer) Email: Dweylan@aol.com
• Geno Spears (Public Relations) Email: info@onegsteppers.com
• Darryl Wilder (Education/Training) Email: onmygrindprodz@yahoo.com
• Crystal Johnson (Treasurer) Email: petuniaisback@aol.com
• Wendy Brewster-Maroun (Secretary) Email: marounlaw@yahoo.com
• Andrew Smith (Sergeant at Arms) Email: dru1060@yahoo.com
• Vice-President of Membership Vacant

• Old Business:
• Membership dues: $35 (non-voting members), $50 (voting members), $100 (Charter Members), $200 (Life Membership). All fees are set until 26 June 2010. Membership fees will be reassessed after the ISA is chartered by majority vote. Membership numbers (Charter/Life Membership) will be based on payment date. All membership fees pay minimum $10 towards youth scholarship programs. ACTION: Executive Body

• Codification: ISA participated in the first Steppin intensive hosted by the Golden State Dance Teachers Association in Downey California. Timothy Wilson was assisted by Denise Licther (Los Angeles) and Paula Williams (Los Angeles) in providing the basic Steppin movements and dynamics to a cadre of students, teachers and teaching staff. The GSDTA is headed by Ms. Skippy Blair (WSDC co-founder, former Arthur Murray Dance instructor). Ms. Blair and her team of Swing professional and amateur ranked participants spent a total of six days codifying Steppin utilizing the Universal Unit System®. Basic patterns such as the extended right, roll up roll back, spins and turns were easily executed by all participants after the pattern was written and highlighted. The end result was the documentation of the basic 6 beat rhythm pattern that is common in Steppin. The beat and movements now match the music and critical timing of the dance. The use of the rolling count improved overall understand and clarity to explaining the overall movements and positioning of Steppin. The successful completion of this activity has resulted in Steppin being added to the GSDTA dance curriculum as of 19 March 2010. Future dance intensives and Steppin specific training are being offered 6-12 August or 27-30 August 2010, respectively, for interested students and teachers. Following intensive study a test is offered to certify participants as teachers of Swing. A cost and curriculum will be announced in the future. ACTION: Darryl Wilder, VP of Education and Training

• ISA Chartering: The chartering planning and ceremonial dinner is being scheduled for 26 June 2010 in Washington DC.
o The draft agenda is:
 0900 Business Meeting
 1300 Charter Ceremony (Lunch/Dinner)
 1900 Social Meeting and Dance with Metro Steppers and Guest
o Guests from the broader dance community will be invited to participate
o ACTION: President and VP of Public Relations Geno Spears

• LLC and 501 C 3 activities are under way and will be completed by 1 June 2010. ACTION: Crystal Johnson, Treasurer; Timothy D. Wilson, President

• Marketing and Advertisement: ISA now has a Facebook and Yahoo account. Internationalsteppersassociation@yahoo.com. ISA will be adding an e-Commerce and e-Marketing capability shortly. ACTION: VP of Public Relations; President

• Business meeting: The semi-Annual meeting will be held during the World Swing Council meeting on Saturday 27 November 2010. This will be during the World Swing Dance Council National Competition weekend. ISA there will attend as observers in an effort to prepare for 2011 participation. ACTION: ALL

• Upcoming Swing competitions: Steppers are invited to participate in national competitions. Participation in these events will add to overall points which will allow Steppers to participate in the annual US Swing Championships. Participation will also add to the credibility of the dance. The basic 6 beat pattern allows for an ideal parallel to partner dances. Please view the informational and competition schedules below.
i. http://www.atlanticdancejam.com/winners.htm
ii. http://www.americasclassic.com/
iii. http://www.usaswingnet.com/top_dj_tunes.htm
iv. http://www.usaswingnet.com/
v. http://www.swingdancecouncil.com/

• Constitution/Bi-laws: The constitution will be submitted and reviewed from 1 April-1 May 2010. Once all amendments are completed we will vote the constitution by majority vote. ACTION: ALL

• Chapter affiliations will be offered in the upcoming bi-laws and constitutions. This will allow local and regional participation at the ISA level. There chapter fees will be set at the first meeting in June 2010 by vote. ACTION: Executive Members

• Committees (Awards, Dance Competition, Scholarship, Youth, and Community) will be developed and promoted after all offices and officers have been filled in June 2010. At this time the priority is Executive and full membership before future programming is developed. ACTION: Executive Body

• Budget report: ISA has raised a total of $1200. ISA has a surplus of $175 after all identified expenses are paid (Social networking sites, legal, insurance, administration). We have a total of 8 paid members. ACTION: Treasurer

• ISA is looking for a local city chapter to host the 2011 Annual Scholarship and Awards Convention. The chapter must be active (7 voting members) and provide a location, agenda and program to host the larger Steppin community. If you have questions, please email us. ACTION: Awards Committee Chair

• Market potential data: Future date will include competitive dance participation on national and international scale. Data is informational in nature only.
1. Chicago 192.1
2. Los Angeles 29.2
3. Atlanta 14.9
4. Detroit 4.5
5. Cleveland 2.5
6. Milwaukee 2.4
7. Oakland 0.8
8. Miami 0.6
9. New York 0.5
10. North Carolina 0.4


The meeting was adjourned at 8:00 pm.

The next ISA meeting will be held on Sunday 11 April 2010 at 7 pm.


Signed

Timothy D. Wilson
President

* Charter Member
** Life Member




ISA ORGANIZATIONAL CHART


The International Steppers Association: fully funded, self-organized and operated professional association for Steppers and affiliate members interested in furthering the development and education of Steppin as a Swing dance forum under the World Dance Council and World Swing Dance Council.
2010 ISA overview draft agenda:
• Establish administrative International Headquarters with full constitution and bi-laws
• Seek fully paid members with established membership and associated privileges (discounts, charter membership, life time members, localized and regional affiliate chapters)
• Provide full time information and media support (1-800 #, email, website and Post Office Box)
• Develop and promote a centralized website, activities and calendar of events
• Join and support the US Swing Dance Association programming (intensive judge and instructor training, international membership and affiliate chapters and international and national competitions)
• Document and establish historical references, terminology and definitions, standardized movements and techniques and publish efforts in official periodicals
• Develop and maintain full time youth and charity programs
• Establish legitimate annual and five year budget programs to obtain 501 c 3 membership
• Host annual conventions, business and membership meetings for paid members
• Advocate for Steppers on media, legal and public relations activities
• Provide venue for international members and affiliate chapters
• Develop centralized training curriculums for judges, instructors and teachers
• Seek and obtain grants and funding from private sector donors

The current bi-laws and constitution are being drafted and developed however we need more assistance from Steppers from all areas. If you are interested in participating in this open dialogue or assisting with your talents and resources in the future please email the POCs below.

Contact us at: internationalsteppersassociation@yahoo.com
International Steppers Association Conference Call # 218-862-1000 Access Code: 307375#